Confined space entry — NZ requirements

An enclosed or partially enclosed space: not intended as a regular workplace, limited entry/exit, could contain or accumulate a hazardous atmosphere. Examples: manholes, tanks, silos, pipes, tunnels, excavations, crawl spaces.

• Oxygen deficiency (below 19.5%) — rapid unconsciousness
• Oxygen enrichment (above 23.5%) — extreme fire risk
• Toxic gases — H₂S, CO, methane, solvents
• Flammable atmospheres — single spark can ignite
• Physical — engulfment, entrapment, flooding, extreme heat

Identify all hazards, test the atmosphere, consider whether entry can be eliminated, determine ventilation requirements, plan rescue, select PPE, establish communication plan.

Written permit required before every entry

Confirms: all hazards assessed and controlled, atmospheric testing done, rescue plan in place, team is competent and equipped. Signed by a competent person before entry. Specifies time permitted and conditions — if conditions change, exit and re-assess.

Test before entry using calibrated gas detectors — oxygen (19.5%–23.5%), flammable gas (below 10% LEL), toxic gases. Re-test if re-entering or conditions changed. Continuous monitoring during work for high-risk spaces.

The attendant must NEVER enter to rescue

A competent attendant remains outside at all times — maintains communication, monitors conditions, activates rescue if needed. If the entrant needs rescue: call 111. Do not enter. Most confined space fatalities involve would-be rescuers.

Retrieval lines, tripod, hoist — on site and ready before entry. Who calls 111, assembly point, what to tell emergency services. Equipment on site and ready to deploy.